28 July 2012

Whaling - An Example of Moral Confusion


When South Korea announced their plan to recommence whaling after a twenty six year moratorium under the disguise of 'scientific research', Australian politicians and the Australian media exploded with outrage. The Prime Minister (friend and advocate of animal agriculture) condemned the plan quite strongly with the statement, “[w]e are completely opposed to whaling" and Opposition environment spokesman Greg Hunt said that "[t]he world is moving away from whaling, this is a practice of the past." (http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-07-05/south-korea-to-start-scientific-whaling/4111038)

South Korea’s reasoning for recommencing whaling has nothing to do, however, with research at all. According to ABC, the South Korean delegates at the International Whaling Commission claim that fisherman were calling for the slaughter of whales because "an increasing number of minke whales are eating away large amount of fish stocks which should be consumed by human being [sic]." (http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-07-05/south-korea-to-start-scientific-whaling/4111038) Clearly this reason is not scientific, but merely an opportunity to cull the whales which are interfering with the local fishing economy. South Korea's plan was officially abandoned under intense international pressure.

Whales are seen in our culture as creatures which should be exempted from the normal routine slaughter of aquatic animals. We have elevated them to a status above fish and a rich culture of venerating these creatures as ‘highly intelligent’ means that people in Western countries generally think that whales should be excluded from being killed merely for food. 

We create hierarchies of animals based on perceived levels of intelligence. This intelligence-centric model of classification discriminates against animals morally based on a fairly arbitrary characteristic, i.e. whether or not they meet our standard for being considered 'intelligent'.

When we talk about humans, however, someone’s moral worth is not based on how intelligent they are. We no longer exclude intellectually disabled people from basic human rights simply because they are not perceived as meeting the standard definition of ‘intelligence’. Similarly, a person does not (or at least should not) acquire more rights based on their ‘intelligence’ (unofficial status granted by privilege and class aside).

The most carnistic of my peers, relatives, and even acquaintances condemn whaling. They speak about the whales in terms of awe and reverence, almost as if whales are somehow worthy of more moral concern than the cow they paid someone to butcher for dinner, or the male chicken who was put through a grinder at birth simply because he can't lay eggs. But why do we think these animals ought to be viewed differently? It's a little easier to understand when we separate dogs and cats from cows and chickens; we live with dogs and cats, they are part of our daily lives, they are our friends, confidants, and cuddle-monsters.

But whales are other-worldly, ocean-dwelling creatures that have captured our imagination, but we have no prolonged, meaningful relationships with these creatures. They are even more distant from our every day lives than the dead bodies of chickens, cows, pigs, turkeys, and ducks under which our tables and our stomachs strain.

We condemn cultures that eat dogs, whales, and dolphins, with indignant moral outrage. But really, what's the difference between serving dog for dinner rather than pig? Cultural diversity means that different cultures assign different moral status to different animals. Yes, in South Korea you can eat dog, but here in Australia, you can eat cow.

There is no moral reason why we treat whales differently from chickens, cows, pigs, turkeys, ducks or dogs. We have excuses; convenience, pleasure, and tradition, but none of these is a reason. Australia's response to South Korea's whaling plan shows that we categorise animals into morally inconsistent hierarchies based on whether or not it inconveniences our everyday lives, or our pleasures of the palate, or if it steps on the toes of tradition. We declare ourselves a nation of animal lovers, yet our notion of 'love' is warped. We love our pets and stick forks into the dead bodies of pigs. Can you really act in this way and call yourself an animal lover?

It's great that we care about whales, dogs, cats, and the other animals to whom we open our hearts and our homes. But it makes no sense to treat these animals differently from the billions of other animals that are oppressed and slaughtered merely for reasons of pleasure, convenience, or entertainment.

- Stevie Schafer, 2012